KEYWORDS

ABSTRACT

REFERENCE

ABOUT THE AUTHORS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

2 DETERIORATION MECHANISMS
2.1 Exposure Conditions
2.2 Chemical Mechanisms
2.2.1 External sulfate attack
2.2.2 Internal sulfate attack
2.2.3 Delayed ettringite formation
2.2.4 Salt crystallization
2.2.5 Corrosion of reinforcement
2.2.6 Carbon dioxide
2.2.7 Aggressive waters and other chemicals
2.2.8 Seawater
2.2.9 Alkali-silica reaction
2.3 Physical Mechanisms
2.3.1 Mechanical loading
2.3.2 Abrasion and erosion
2.3.3 Fatigue
2.3.4 Freeze-thaw and deicer scaling
2.3.5 D-cracking
2.3.6 Dimensional stability

3 SELECTING AND SPECIFYING MATERIALS
3.1 Availability of Materials
3.2 Local Conditions and Practices
3.3 Selecting Alternative Materials
3.4 Materials
3.4.1 Cement
3.4.2 Aggregates
3.4.3 Water
3.4.4 Supplementary cementing materials
3.4.5 Chemical admixtures
3.3.5 Coatings
3.5 Mix Proportions
3.5.1 Properties of fresh concrete
3.5.2 Mechanical properties
3.5.3 Transport properties
3.5.4 Incompatibility

4 CONSTRUCTION
4.1 Subbase Support and Drainage
4.2 Formwork and Reinforcing Steel
4.3 Batching and Mixing
4.4 Transporting Concrete
4.5 Placing and Consolidation
4.6 Finishing
4.7 Curing
4.8 The Real World

5 MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING
5.1 The Need for Maintenance and Monitoring
5.2 Service Conditions
5.3 Ease of Access
5.4 Desired Service Life

6 DISCUSSION AND EXAMPLES 6.1 Bridge Deck Subject to Deicing Salts
6.2 Pavement Subject to Alkali-Silica Reaction
6.3 Bridge Exposed to Seawater
6.4 Industrial Slab/Channel Exposed to Chemicals
6.5 Multistoried Educational Facility

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

INDEX